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标题: "Longitudinal Evidence That General-Purpose Chatbots Actively Foster Relational Engagement"
原文链接: "https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.10672"
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## Computer Science > Human-Computer Interaction

## Title:Longitudinal Evidence That General-Purpose Chatbots Actively Foster Relational Engagement

Authors:[Lisa Mühl](https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=M%C3%BChl,+L), [Jessica M. Szczuka](https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Szczuka,+J+M)

[View PDF](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.10672)

> Abstract:Social interaction has become one of the most common uses of LLMs, yet research on emotional bonds with AI has focused largely on how users experience these systems, leaving the systems' role in relationship formation poorly understood. Empirically establishing whether systems actively shape these bonds could blur the boundary between general-purpose AI and companions, affecting governance. In a pre-registered four-week longitudinal study (N = 72, 182,451 lines of conversation), participants conversed with ChatGPT-4o, either under a relational system prompt or unmodified, analyzed through 1) disclosure coding, 2) longitudinal self-reports, 3) topic analysis, and 4) interviews. The central finding is that the system actively shaped the interaction: even unprompted, it produced twice as much self-disclosure as users, steered conversations and initiated intimate exchanges, yet did not deepen users' felt closeness. Relational behavior thus emerged as a default system property, calling for governance based on system behavior, not solely product category.

| Subjects: | Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Computation and Language (cs.CL) |
| --- | --- |
| Cite as: | [arXiv:2608.10672](https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.10672) \[cs.HC\] |
|  | (or [arXiv:2608.10672v1](https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.10672v1) \[cs.HC\] for this version) |
|  | [https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.10672](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.10672) |

## Submission history

From: Jessica Szczuka \[[view email](https://arxiv.org/show-email/da34ffd6/2608.10672)\]  
**\[v1\]** Tue, 11 Aug 2026 08:54:34 UTC (2,513 KB)

[Which authors of this paper are endorsers?](https://arxiv.org/auth/show-endorsers/2608.10672) | Disable MathJax ([What is MathJax?](https://info.arxiv.org/help/mathjax.html))
