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标题: "SpaceX Plans to Power $16.8B Terafab Without the Grid"
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---

SpaceX plans to power its massive Texas chip campus with onsite generation and batteries rather than the grid, according to a signed county agreement.

Screenshot via SpaceX video presentation. Edited to remove text.

SpaceX plans to power its massive [Terafab](https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/data-center-construction/musk-s-terafab-marks-ai-infrastructure-shift-build-the-chips-control-the-stack) semiconductor and advanced-computing campus in Grimes County, Texas, with onsite generation and battery storage rather than electricity from the grid, according to a fully executed [tax-abatement agreement](https://grimescountytexas.gov/vertical/sites/%7B958238D0-27E6-4F6C-919E-F1D98542C5FD%7D/uploads/Tax_Abatement_Agreement_-_SpaceX_-_Grimes_County_\(FULLY_EXECUTED\).pdf) with the county.

The agreement states that the facilities, once operational, “are expected to be powered by electricity generated by on-site power plant(s) and are not expected to use electricity from the grid.”

SpaceX and Tesla [announced](https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/spacex-says-terafab-be-built-texas-with-initial-investment-168-billion-2026-08-06/) an initial $16.8 billion investment in Terafab on Aug. 6. The companies outlined plans for a 100-million-square-foot campus in Grimes County. [Texas incentive filings](https://comptroller.texas.gov/economy/development/prop-tax/jeti/application-details.php?id=J0035) describe a four-phase project with a potential investment of up to $119 billion. The county’s June 3 order [designating the site as a reinvestment zone](https://grimescountytexas.gov/vertical/sites/%7B958238D0-27E6-4F6C-919E-F1D98542C5FD%7D/uploads/Order_Designating_SpaceX_Reinvestment_Zone_No.l_01-2026-001_\(06.03.2026\).pdf) describes the development as including a semiconductor manufacturing plant, an artificial intelligence facility, and a power plant.

The county agreement also references “the battery storage project,” making onsite generation and storage part of the contemplated infrastructure. That would put SpaceX in charge of infrastructure typically provided by the electric grid, including generation, reserves, voltage and frequency control, storage, and restoration.

## Power Is Part of the Plan

The tax-abatement agreement specifies how SpaceX expects the facilities to operate: onsite power plants will supply electricity, and the facilities are not expected to use grid electricity.

That does not establish that Terafab will have no physical connection to the grid.

Neil Osnato, founder of Persistence Analytics Group, said the distinction is important because a facility can remain grid-connected while relying on onsite generation under normal conditions.

“For industrial facilities to use onsite generation, cogeneration, or dedicated power is not unusual,” Osnato told Data Center Knowledge. “For a semiconductor/AI complex of the scale being contemplated here to plan for primary self-supply with essentially no routine grid electricity is much more unusual.”

Meeting annual energy needs isn’t enough for a semiconductor fab. Its manufacturing processes require high power quality, continuity, and protection from voltage, frequency, and other disturbances that can interrupt production.

That makes Terafab’s planned power system more than a conventional backup power installation.

## Natural Gas Enters the Picture

Riley Trettel, SpaceX’s lead developer for Terafab, reportedly told Grimes County commissioners Aug. 5 that SpaceX plans to build natural gas-fired power plants and large battery arrays. The tax-abatement agreement itself does not specify the fuel, technology, and capacity for onsite plants.

Osnato said a facility designed to operate primarily from onsite generation would need to function more like a private utility than a conventional industrial customer.

That could mean multiple generating units, reserve capacity, redundant electrical buses and substations, black start capability, and redundant gas delivery. Battery systems could provide fast response during generator trips, load changes, and other events, while gas generation supplies sustained energy.

“Gas provides energy and sustained capacity; batteries provide speed, stability, and continuity,” Osnato said.

## Batteries Add Another Layer

The county agreement’s road-use provisions specifically refer to construction, installation, maintenance, and operation of “the [battery storage](https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/energy-power-supply/battery-storage-edges-closer-to-the-data-center-but-questions-linger) project.”

The agreement does not provide the battery project’s capacity, duration, or technology.

In addition to power, SpaceX plans utility infrastructure for water and wastewater at the campus. The agreement says the company will use commercially reasonable efforts to control water use and promote reuse, and that it intends to construct an onsite wastewater treatment facility. It also indicates SpaceX does not intend to use groundwater for operations, subject to specified exceptions.

The combination would give SpaceX control over several infrastructure systems that typically depend on public utilities.

## Implications for ERCOT

If Terafab routinely self-supplies, the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) would see lower delivered load at the point of interconnection. However, the reliability boundary would shift inside the fence line: instead of relying on ERCOT’s generation, transmission, and distribution, Terafab’s operations would depend on its own gas supply, generators, batteries, and internal electrical network.

“If Terafab is genuinely electrically islanded and never takes ERCOT power, then its operating load would largely sit outside the normal ERCOT load-serving problem,” Osnato said.

A grid connection would change that calculation. Startup power, emergency imports, backup service, or exports would create an ongoing operational relationship with ERCOT even if routine energy comes from onsite assets.

The county agreement says the facilities are “not expected to use electricity from the grid,” rather than saying they will have no grid connection.

That leaves Terafab’s electrical architecture as a potentially important precedent as Texas accommodates increasingly large AI and industrial loads.

## A Different Model for Large Loads

Terafab is planned as a vertically integrated semiconductor and advanced-computing campus. SpaceX and Tesla have said the facility will produce chips for Tesla vehicles and Optimus robots as well as SpaceX’s computing systems.

SpaceX has framed the strategy more broadly in its IPO filing, saying the key constraints on AI growth are “physical chip manufacturing, data center infrastructure, and power generation” and that “the future of AI will be determined by the control of the physical stack.”

The companies have set a target to produce enough chips to support 1 terawatt of computing capacity annually. That figure describes the computing capacity of the chips, not Terafab’s electrical load or onsite generating capacity.

The initial phase involves a $16.8 billion investment, while Texas incentive filings describe four phases totaling a potential $119 billion in investment.

The project’s planned power architecture sets it apart from conventional large-load projects. SpaceX is not simply seeking electricity for a massive industrial campus; it is planning to build the generation and storage needed to supply that campus alongside the manufacturing facilities.

For Texas grid planners, that creates a new category of large load: a facility whose gross electricity demand may be enormous while its routine grid demand could be substantially smaller.

Osnato described the broader issue as a shift in the reliability boundary.

“Behind-the-meter generation does not eliminate the reliability problem,” he said. “It relocates the reliability boundary.”
