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标题: "Dose-reduced (24 Gy) involved-site radiotherapy combined with rituximab in early-stage non-gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: a prospective phase II trial | Leukemia"
原文链接: "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41375-026-03059-1"
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  - "✓ ./assets/img-b4344027.png | diagram | 临床试验流程图，展示60例患者筛选、分配、干预及随访分析全过程。"
  - "✓ ./assets/img-d58efa01.png | chart | 展示不同原发部位与自身抗体分布关系的散点图，反映免疫表型特征。"
  - "★ ./assets/img-3037bfe6.png | chart | 展示患者随访时间、干预措施及PFS/EFS生存曲线的综合图表。"
  - "★ ./assets/img-bbfa04bc.png | chart | 展示治疗前后免疫细胞计数变化及单变量预后分析的森林图。"
  - "✗ ./assets/img-0491f52d.png | other | 图片来自其他文章（s41598-024-55663-9），与本文无关。"
  - "✗ ./assets/img-6fb3b129.png | other | 图片来自其他文章（s41467-024-51807-7），与本文无关。"
  - "✗ ./assets/img-854a1fc5.png | other | 图片来自其他文章（s41409-021-01495-4），与本文无关。"
  - "✓ ./assets/img-0f5dbd1f.webp | diagram | 临床试验CONSORT流程图，展示60名患者入组、排除7人、最终55人符合方案集及随访分析过程。"
  - "✓ ./assets/img-7a774659.webp | chart | 自身免疫抗体谱与原发部位热图，展示不同部位MALT淋巴瘤患者的自身抗体分布特征。"
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  - "★ ./assets/img-988c2d56.webp | chart | 治疗前后免疫细胞亚群变化及单变量分析森林图，证实B细胞耗竭与NK细胞代偿性扩增机制。"
采集批次: "2026年7月19日17点45分46秒"
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去重键: "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41375-026-03059-1"
---

## Abstract

While involved-site radiotherapy (ISRT) is the standard first-line treatment in localized non-gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, the cumulative risk of distant relapse poses a persistent clinical challenge. We conducted a prospective phase II trial evaluating rituximab with 24 Gy ISRT, aiming to reduce distant relapse and enhance long-term survival. By October 2025, 60 patients with early-stage non-gastric MALT lymphoma were enrolled. Among the per-protocol efficacy-evaluable cohort (*n*  = 55), the combined immunoradiotherapy regimen achieved a complete response rate of 100%. At a median follow-up of 30.2 months, only one distant recurrence was observed (estimated 5-year distant recurrence: 1.9%). In the full analysis set, 2- and 4-year progression-free survival rates were 98.0% and 92.9%, respectively, improving to 100% and 94.4% in the per-protocol set. Treatment-related hematologic toxicity was frequent but manageable. Infections were reported in 23.3%, including one grade 4 respiratory infection that necessitated treatment discontinuation. Immunophenotypic profiling revealed that parotid, thyroid, or mediastinal involvement correlated with higher lymphocyte proportions (39.5% ± 16.4%, *P*  = 0.012). Post-treatment immunologic changes featured near-complete B-cell depletion and a compensatory expansion of NK cells. Overall, the combined immunoradiotherapy regimen demonstrated durable disease control in localized non-gastric MALT lymphoma, with potential synergistic benefit from NK cell-mediated immune activation. **Trial registration:** Chinese Clinical Trials Registry, ChiCTR2000036318; registered on Aug 22, 2020 (prospective).

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![图片](./assets/img-0f5dbd1f.webp)

Fig. 1: CONSORT flow diagram of patient enrollment and outcomes.

![图片](./assets/img-7a774659.webp)

Fig. 2: Heatmap of autoimmune antibody profiles in all enrolled patients with MALT lymphoma, stratified by primary tumor site.

![图片](./assets/img-025436c3.webp)

Fig. 3: Assessment of treatment efficacy and survival.

![图片](./assets/img-988c2d56.webp)

Fig. 4: Exploratory analysis of circulating lymphocyte dynamics and infection risk factors.

## Data availability

The datasets analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

## References

## Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge supports from National Natural Science Foundation of China \[82470186; 82500242\]; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province \[BK20232039\]; Jiangsu Province Hospital High-Level Hospital Construction Project \[JBGS202404\]; Specialized Diseases Clinical Research Fund of Jiangsu Province Hospital \[XB202401\]; Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation \[Y-SYBLD2022RWR-0013\]; and Baiqiuen Medical Science Research Foundation \[2023-YJ-119-J-024\].

## Funding

L.F. discloses support for the research of this work from National Natural Science Foundation of China \[grant number 82470186\], Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province \[grant number BK20232039\], Jiangsu Province Hospital High-Level Hospital Construction Project \[grant number JBGS202404\], and Specialized Diseases Clinical Research Fund of Jiangsu Province Hospital \[grant number XB202401\]. H.L. discloses support for publication of this work from National Natural Science Foundation of China \[grant number 82500242\]. X.Q. discloses support for this work from Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation \[grant number Y-SYBLD2022RWR-0013\]. L.C. discloses support for this work from Baiqiuen Medical Science Research Foundation \[grant number 2023-YJ-119-J-024\]. Y.C., S.L., X.Zhang, J.M., J.L., C.W., M.S., X.Zhao, S.W., H.S., T.T., Y.Z., C.D., L.S., and K.D. declare no relevant funding.

## Ethics declarations

### Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

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